Clean water at typical air temperatures weighs approximately 62.4 pounds per cubic foot, while fresh river water is slightly heavier at around 62.5 pounds. Typically, a chart is included that displays the weights for various temperatures. However, when we turn to reference materials and hydraulic literature for comparable data on seawater, we often encounter either a complete lack of information or just a simple assertion that it weighs 64 pounds per cubic foot.

Even the English and American oceanography texts provide minimal insights regarding the weight of seawater. The goal of this article is to present the crucial facts regarding the weight of seawater and to illustrate how this weight fluctuates with changes in salinity and temperature. In the Atlantic, salinity ranges from 34.5 in the equatorial areas to 37.9 in the northern part, while in the Pacific, it varies from 33.5 in the East Pacific equatorial region to 36.9 in the South Pacific. In the Indian Ocean, salinity ranges from 34.0 to 36.7. On average, the salinity across all oceans falls between 34.5 and 35.0. The information pertaining to temperature and salinity has primarily been sourced from the article "Ocean and Oceanography" in leading research publications, and the temperature coefficients required for calculations have been obtained from Knudsen’s Hydrographical Tables.

The weight of seawater is largely determined by its salinity, which is defined as the amount of dissolved salts in 1,000 grams of seawater. Salinity in open seas and oceans ranges from 1 to 43. The Baltic Sea has the lowest salinity, while the Red Sea boasts the highest, with average salinities of 7.21 and 39.76, respectively. The Atlantic Ocean is the saltiest, with an average salinity of 36.01. Ocean salinity changes with latitude, being lowest in equatorial and polar regions and peaking in the zones between 20° and 30° north of the equator, as well as from 10° to 25° south of it.

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